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Lors de l'opération, trois vaisseaux, le Thetis, l'Intrepid et l'Iphigenia, s'introduisent dans le port intérieur de … [27], In 1931, the official historian, Sir Henry Newbolt, wrote that before the raid, two submarines entered or left the Flanders bases each day and continued at that rate during the week after the raid. Soundtrack language: None The British anti-submarine measures inflicted a steady attrition on the Flanders U-boats and the attack on Zeebrugge came when the German blockade of Britain was supposed to have reduced drastically the resources and endurance of the British Empire. Zeebrugge - Petty Officer Reed rescuing Lieutenant Alleyn Mary Evans Prints Online. The port was used by the Imperial German Navy as a base for U-boats and light shipping, which were a threat to Allied control of the English Channel and southern North Sea. [12] Ostend was a larger target than Zeebrugge and could be seen from the sea, which made accurate shooting easier. [4], The plan needed a rare combination of wind, tide and weather; to obtain surprise the monitors would need to be in position before dawn. At the end of 1916 a combined operation against Borkum, Ostend and Zeebrugge had been considered by Admiral Lewis Bayly, commander of the Coast of Ireland Station. Le Raid sur Zeebruges (Zeebrugge Raid pour les anglophones) est le nom d'une opération secrètement préparée durant plusieurs mois, qui eut lieu le 23 avril 1918. Several attempts to close the Flanders ports by bombardment failed and Operation Hush, a 1917 plan to advance up the coast, proved abortive. Collection relating to the First World War service of Leading Stoker Norbert Joseph McCrory, HMAS 'Australia', c.1918. Digital files of films and sound recordings are available at cost depending on intended use. fr Les sept dernières récompenses remises après un scrutin ont été les seuls prix votés dans la marine, avec trois récompenses pour deux Q-Ships en 1917 et quatre pour le raid sur Zeebruges (Zeebrugge Raid Les sept dernières récompenses remises après un scrutin ont été les seuls prix 19 nov. 2018 - Excelsior : journal illustré quotidien : informations, littérature, sciences, arts, sports, théâtre, élégances -- 1918-04-24 -- periodiques As ship sinkings by U-boats increased, finding a way to close the ports became urgent and the Admiralty became more willing to consider a raid. [9] The Admiralty concluded that had the monitors been ready to fire as soon as the observer in the artillery-observation aircraft signalled, or if the shoot had been reported throughout, the lock gates would have been hit. The firing buoy and its bearing and range from the target were established using the Zeebrugge method and the escorting ships formed a square around the bombardment ships. Voices From the Past: The Zeebrugge Raid 1918 Approximately a third of all Allied merchant vessels sunk during the First World War were by German boats and submarines based at Bruge-Zeebrugge on the coast of Belgium. The Zeebrugge raid (2008) L'essor portuaire de Zeebrugge (1996) Pictures (21) Découvrez des commentaires utiles de client et des classements de commentaires pour The Zeebrugge Raid sur Amazon.fr. Leading Stoker Norbert McCrory recalled that "On 23rd Feb 1918.... We... received a wireless [communication] asking for volunteers to the numbers of eleven men, for special service. WW1 Destruction by German Warships, Zeebrugge Mary Evans Prints Online. [37], The Zeebrugge Raid was promoted by Allied propaganda as a British victory and ultimately resulted in the awarding of eight Victoria Crosses. [c] Very few of the participants were aware of the objective. Retrouvez The Zeebrugge & Ostend Raids 1918 et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. 0:06. 2013 Photo of the Zeebrugge Bell and Housing on Dover Town Hall [21], A second attempt was made on 23 April, in conjunction with a raid on the neighbouring harbour of Ostend. It is a film about the raid on Zeebrugge in 1918. [24] The crews were to abandon their submarines shortly before the collision with the viaduct, leaving the submarines to steer themselves automatically. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded, eight of them for the Zeebrugge raid alone. Zeebrugge raid.png 370 × 293; 34 KB '7 ' 5 Howitzer and Stokes guns HMS Vindictive'; and an aerial view of the mole at Zeebrugge, 1918 RMG PV3346.jpg 1,280 × 916; 419 KB 'Iris' and 'Daffodil' at Dover, 23 April 1918 RMG PV2157 (cropped).jpg 1,237 × 892; 423 KB 'Iris' and … The Dover Patrol and later known as the Dover Patrol Force was a … The mole after the British occupation of Zeebrugge, showing the abandoned German naval guns and the mail boat SS Brussels sunk in the channel. [29], Newbolt wrote that the raid on Zeebrugge was part of an anti-submarine campaign which had lasted for five months, using patrols and minefields to close the straits and which continued despite the most destructive sortie achieved by the Germans during the war. The port was used by the Imperial German Navy as a base for U … [1], Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes was appointed director of the Plans Division at the Admiralty in October 1917 and on 3 December, submitted another plan for the blocking of Zeebrugge and Ostend using old cruisers in a night attack in the period from 14–19 March. Royal Navy, Thetis (regiment/service) La Dover Patrol (Patrouille de Douvres) était un commandement de la Royal Navy lors de la Première Guerre mondiale, connu pour son implication dans le raid sur Zeebruges le 22 avril 1918. After the damage was repaired, the rate of U-boat traffic did not return to the pre-raid level. WW1 Womens Joy Loan Day 1919 Mary Evans Prints Online. Directed by A.V. Such conditions were unlikely to recur for several days, making a bombardment on the following day most unlikely. Updated: Apr 23 Mounted by two thousand men of the 4th Battalion Royal Marines and Royal Navy under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir Roger Keyes. They brought in old cruisers filled with cement and sunk them in the harbour while at the same time creating distractions. Description:The film starts with a scene meant to be of the mole at Zeebrugge in 1914 (in fact showing a British Caledon Class cruiser in 1917 or 1918 at another location). Two more batteries were being built in early 1917 and between the main defences were many mobile guns, entrenchments and machine-gun nests. Finch, Norman Augustus (person) Sandford, Richard Douglas (person) Show more. ships, British naval - cruiser: Thetis & [expended] (object name) The Zeebrugge 1918 Association. At Zeebrugge, a diversionary landing on the Mole - an enormous breakwater - would divert attention from the blockships as they entered the harbor. Train Ferry TF1, TF2 & TF3 LNER Harwich Fleet List Retrouvez The Zeebrugge & Ostend Raids 1918 et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Zeebrugge was visible to the fleet and the fleet to the Germans in Zeebrugge; seventy-seven ships of all sizes, some with their lights already switched off, had to make a sharp turn to the west to return to their bases. Kendall lists the names of the fatalities, and the locations of their graves, which are predominantly in the United Kingdom. "CWGC: Cemetery Details for Dover (St James's) Cemetery", "31189: 18 February 1919, Zeebrugge and Ostend Raids, Naval Despatch dated 9 May 1918", "[Eight] Victoria Cross Awards - Zeebrugge Raid April 1918", British Pathe footage of the Zeebrugge Raid in 1918. The Germans removed two piers in the western bank of the canal near the block ships and dredged a channel through the silt near their sterns. This film is an episode from an series of dramatized war docu’s that was produced by a company called British Instructional Film . Throughout the operations monitors and the siege guns in Flanders, manned by the Royal Marine Artillery, heavily bombarded the enemy's batteries. Wallet 1 of 1 - This wallet contains a handwritten account of the raid on Zeebrugge, Belgium by Leading Stoker McCrory. The Block ship IPHIGENIA at Zeebrugge. Lisez des commentaires honnêtes et non biaisés sur les produits de la part nos utilisateurs. However, valuable lessons were learned during the operation that would be put to use two decades later. The Zeebrugge Raid (Dutch: Aanval op de haven van Zeebrugge; French: Raid sur Zeebruges) on 23 April 1918, was an attempt by the Royal Navy to block the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.The British intended to sink obsolete ships in the canal entrance, to prevent German vessels from leaving port. medical, Belgian military - emergency (object name) Surprise and daring were essential. English: SS Brussels sunk in Zeebrugge Harbour, she was scuttled by the Germans on 28 October 1918 when they evacuated Zeebrugge. Follow. Royal Navy, Royal Marines (regiment/service) Zeebrugge Raid translation in English-French dictionary. Another attempt was made on 23 April, with a concurrent attack on Ostend. Le Raid sur Zeebrugge eut lieu le 23 avril 1918. Submarines (to damage Zeebrugge viaduct): Personnel participating in raids and covering operations, Royal Navy: 82 officers and 1,698 men including, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 20:57. Object description. If the attempt began with surprise and the bombardment ships were obscured by a smoke screen, the German guns at Knokke might not have time accurately to return fire before the bombardment ended. 5 years ago | 6 views. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . Zeebrugge film stills Mary Evans Prints Online. HMS Daffodil – French sub aqua club film of a dive on HMS Daffodil (ex TF3). Raid on Zeebrugge (2) TV documentary. To ensure you can use all the features please enable it. The raid, one of the Great War’s most daring naval exploits, was designed to close off the German-occupied Belgian port of Zeebrugge, a principal base for the U-boat packs that were preying on British shipping. Royal Marines march through Deal on the centenary of the Zeebrugge Raid, 23 April 2018. On the night of 22-23 April 1918 the Royal Navy carried out a raid on the German held ports of Zeebrugge and Ostend - Operation Z-O. Noté /5. An attempt to raid Zeebrugge was made on 2 April 1918 but was cancelled at the last moment, after the wind direction changed and made it impossible to lay a smokescreen to cover the ships. Bamford, Edward (person) A brief scene of wounded British and Belgian soldiers together at a dressing station, Western Front, late 1918. [8] Bacon returned with the impression that the bombardment had succeeded, but aerial photographs taken the following week revealed that about fifteen shells had landed within a few yards of the lock gates on the western side and four shells had fallen as close on the eastern side. Ask questions, get answers. Title language: English 3 talking about this. [6], The bombardment opened late because of the need to tow Marshal Soult, slowing the armada, and also by haze off the harbour. The Zeebrugge plot of St James's Cemetery, Dover has nine unidentified men and fifty named men who died on 23 April 1918 but most fatalities were returned to their families for local burials. [8], Attempts to bombard Ostend on 26 and 27 May were abandoned because of poor weather but on 4 June, the bombardment ships sailed for the Ratel Bank off Ostend; the bombardment force was smaller and the covering force larger than for the Zeebrugge operation, since surprise was less likely. The marines immediately came under massed fire and suffered many casualties. The aircraft were met by seven Sopwith Pups from 4 (Naval) Squadron RNAS, which patrolled the coast from 5:45 a.m. as six Sopwith Triplanes of 10 (Naval) Squadron RNAS flew over the fleet. During the passage from Dover, C1 parted with its tow and arrived too late to take part in the operation. Raid on Zeebrugge (2) TV documentary. The film starts with a scene meant to be of the mole at Zeebrugge in 1914 (in fact showing a British Caledon Class cruiser in 1917 or 1918 at another location). She was converted to a minelayer in 1910 and was sunk as a blockship in the Zeebrugge raid in 1918. The block ships were sunk in the wrong position and the canal was only obstructed for a few days. The bombardment became very accurate soon after and Marshal Soult hit the target with its twelfth shell and Erebus with its twenty-sixth. Saved by Pen and Sword eBooks. The author reveals how despite failure, the raid demonstrated to Germany that Britain was still capable of offensive action, even as its armies were being forced back. Veterans formed a specific association, many books and articles were written about it, a film was produced, a special presentation was prepared for the Wembley Empire Exhibition, and many thousands visited the actual site and the impressive memorial erected to mark the feat. Sound format: Silent Bacon made preparations to bombard Ostend harbour. The film recreates this event in a mixture of authentic WW I material including captured German film,drama and special effects using models. The raid was proposed in 1917 by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe but was not authorised until Keyes adapted Bacon's plan for a blocking operation, to make it difficult for German ships and submarines to leave the port. This film is an episode from an series of dramatized war docu's that was produced by a company called British Instructional Film. The Zeebrugge Raid: 22 April 1918 The two fleet segments sailed together for a few miles and then their paths parted. The bombardment force sailed for Zeebrugge three times but changes in the weather forced a return to England each time. ships, British naval - cruiser: Iphigenia & [expended] (object name) The objectives were the canal of Zeebrugge and the entrance to the harbour of Ostend. The plan involved numerous ships in support of landings from HMS Vindictive and … The ship returned to the buoy by 4:45 a.m., with the bearing and distance. Zeebrugge Raid, Phillip Warner, Class Warfare. Report. Tyrwhitt suggested a more ambitious operation to capture the mole and the town as a prelude to advancing on Antwerp. [34] Among the dead was Wing Commander Frank Brock, the man who devised and commanded the smoke screen. Had Bacon been able to repeat the shore bombardments at short intervals, naval operations from the Flanders coast by the Germans would have been much more difficult to organise. The objective was … ; Please sign and date your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~). The blocking cruisers had failed to stop the exits from Bruges, causing only a few days’ … 12/3(261.2).842 (event) ... Ostend and Zeebrugge, April 23: May 19 1918, the dispatches of Vice-Admiral Sir Roger Keyes; and other narratives of the operations by Terry, Charles Sanford, 1864-1936. The mole after the British occupation of Zeebrugge, showing the abandoned German naval guns and the mail boat SS Brussels sunk in the channel. I. Kelley Cameron. [30] News of the raid was skilfully exploited to raise Allied morale and to foreshadow victory Possunt quia posse videntur ("They can because they think they can"). Featured Print. This site requires JavaScript. Browse more videos. A Story of Courage and Sacrifice Told Through Newspaper Reports, Official Documents and the Accounts of Those Who Were There, The Zeebrugge Raid 1918, Paul Kendall, Frontline Books. Iris, Daffodil and the submarines were converted in Portsmouth. Skip to main content Become a Member ... Digital files of films and sound recordings are available at cost depending on intended use. The mortar crew were all dead. It is a film about the raid on Zeebrugge in 1918 The film recreates this event in a mixture of authentic WW I material including captured German film,drama and special effects using models. German submarine warfare was a great worry to the Allies who were desperate to ensure the safety of their vital maritime communication links. This had three aims: to block the ship-canal entrance at Zeebrugge by sinking ships across it (known as … ships, British naval - cruiser: Caledon Class (object name) Noté /5. British Pathe footage of the Zeebrugge Raid in 1918; British Pathe film of the mass burial of British casualties of the Zeebrugge Raid, 1918, held in St James's Cemetery and the burial (24 coffins, nine identified, 15 unidentified) had a "Cross of Sacrifice" above it. Media in category "Zeebrugge Raid" The following 97 files are in this category, out of 97 total. It is a film about the raid on Zeebrugge in 1918 The film recreates this event in a mixture of authentic WW I material including captured German film,drama and special effects using models. The Zeebrugge Raid. The port was used by the Imperial German Navy as a base for U … Raid on Zeebrugge (2) TV documentary. Most of the casualties were buried in England either because they died of their wounds en route or because the survivors recovered their bodies to repatriate them. British Admiralty Statement on the Raid Upon Ostend, 11 May 1918 The bombardment commenced at 3:20 a.m., German coastal guns replied within minutes and fired accurately at Erebus and Terror but with no effect. The raid was approved in January 1918 and volunteer crews were obtained from the Grand Fleet "to perform a hazardous service". Five destroyers zigzagged around the fleet as a screen against U-boats, the minesweepers began operating around the monitors and the covering force cruised in the distance, ready to intercept a German destroyer sortie. Only eleven were chosen". If landings at the ports were successful, the forces involved would be doomed unless they were relieved by the advance of the armies in Flanders. Despite over 600 casualties, the attacks were a great boost to civilian morale in Britain. Playing next. In 1916, Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt proposed an attack to block Zeebrugge, which was rejected. [39] A ballot was similarly held for the crews of the assault vessels for the Zeebrugge Mole (Vindictive, Royal Daffodil and Iris II) and the embarked raiding parties. Welcome! Bacon also proposed an operation on 18 December, which combined Tyrwhitt's landing on the mole with a blocking operation. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . Follow. Report. A third patrol later shot down a German seaplane into Ostend harbour and lost one fighter. [8], In the first hour of the bombardment, the German response was limited to anti-aircraft fire and attempts to jam the wireless of the artillery-observation aircraft. Although this wasn't completely successful - the canal was not entirely blocked - it was one of the most daring of the war and gave a boost to British morale. Purchase & License Download Embed HTML: BBCode: description Object description. Kelley Cameron. [22], The attempt to sink three old cruisers to block the flow of traffic in and out of the Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge failed. The only vulnerable part of the German defensive system was the lock gates at Zeebrugge, the destruction of which would make the canal to Bruges tidal and drastically reduce the number of ships and submarines that could pass along it. [25][e] Sandford elected to steer C3 into the viaduct manually instead of depending on the automatic system. 01/3(4-15).9 (event) Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . [7] Two relieving aircraft also had engine trouble and failed to arrive. Two of three blockships were scuttled in the narrowest part of the Bruges Canal and one of two submarines rammed the viaduct linking the shore and the mole, to trap the German garrison. Royal Navy, Iphigenia (regiment/service) The Zeebrugge Raid was an attempt by the Royal Navy to stop German U-boats leaving the Belgian port by filling redundant ships with concrete and sinking them to block the entrance. Download The Zeebrugge Raid 1918: Voices from the Past Ebook Free. The intention of the raid was to hamper severely the German ability to use the port as a submarine base. [12], The British bombardment ceased at 4:00 a.m.; the fleet weighed anchor at 4:20 a.m. and withdrew northwards. ceremonies, British - state: investiture (object name) This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. [33] The destroyer, HMS North Star was sunk. Belgian Army (regiment/service), ships, British civilian - cargo: Brussels & [expended] (object name) ZEEBRUGGE and FIRST OSTEND RAID - 22nd/23rd April 1918, SECOND OSTEND RAID - 10th May 1918 . [10][b] The Harwich Force provided four light cruisers, a flotilla leader and eight destroyers as a covering force off the Thornton Bank and a second wave of four light cruisers and eight destroyers to guard against an attack from the Schouwen Bank. The raid was formally proposed at the Admiralty in 1917 by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe but was not authorised until Vice-Admiral Sir Roger Keyes adapted Bacon's plan for a blocking operation, which would make it difficult for German ships and submarines to leave the port. Video. Inconnu, Zeebrugge: The Greatest Raid of All - [Version Originale], Inconnu. Dean, Percy Thompson (person) This film is an episode from an series of dramatized war docu’s that was produced by a company called British Instructional Film . (inset - a portrait of Captain Fryatt) Royal Navy, Intrepid (regiment/service) [10], German destroyers were sighted east of the Ratel Bank at 1:42 a.m. by HMS Lance and HMS Lochinvar which were steering towards Ostend, to establish the range and bearing of the target from the sighting buoy. Object details Category Photographs Related period First World War … Zeebrugge Raid- story continued on subsequent pages. Ministry of Information (Production sponsor), Carpenter, Alfred Francis Blakeney (person) [32] Kendall gave figures of 227 dead and 356 wounded. Summary: see also IWM 358 Bramble, H. Bruce Woolfe. From left to right the ships are HMS INTREPID, HMS IPHIGENIA and HMS THETIS. An illustration of two cells of a film strip. The British claimed five German aircraft shot down and the fleet was able to complete the bombardment. On 23 April 1918 a force drawn from the Royal Navy and Royal Marines launched one of the most daring raids in history. The Raid on Zeebrugge - 23 April 1918 - 'For England and St George!' [31], Of the 1,700 men involved in the operation, S. F. Wise recorded in 1981 that 300 were wounded and more than 200 killed. ships, British naval - cruiser: Intrepid & [expended] (object name) 5 years ago | 6 views. Zeebrugge Raid, Phillip Warner, Class Warfare. Vindictive was to land a force of 200 sailors and a battalion of Royal Marines, at the entrance to the Bruges–Ostend Canal, to destroy German gun positions. The Zeebrugge Raid (Dutch: Aanval op de haven van Zeebrugge; French: Raid sur Zeebruges) on 23 April 1918, was an attempt by the Royal Navy to block the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.The British intended to sink obsolete ships in the canal entrance, to prevent German vessels from leaving port. This flamethrower cylinder was used on HMS Vindictive during the Royal Navy's raid of the Belgian port of Zeebrugge on the night of 22/23 April 1918. 0:06. [4], The bombardment would have to be undertaken at long range, because of the danger of return fire from the Kaiser Wilhelm battery at Knokke and meant aiming at a target 90 by 30 ft (27.4 by 9.1 m) in area at a range of 13 mi (11 nmi; 21 km), using directions from an artillery-observation aircraft. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . Audio An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk. A reconstruction of the Dover Patrol's bottling up of a U-boat base. But Reg knew none of that when he was selected for special training in February 1918. Mist and low cloud would make artillery observation from an aircraft impossible and the wind would have to be blowing from a narrow range of bearings or the smoke screen would be carried over the ships and out to sea, exposing them to view from the shore. When the Pups from 4 (Naval) Squadron arrived, twice their number of German Albatros fighters engaged them and some of the aircraft from over the fleet, which joined in the dogfight. Victoria Cross rules specify that four Victoria Crosses should be awarded this way (one to an officer, one to an NCO and two to other ranks) they were not observed and only two Victoria Crosses were awarded. The three ships were accompanied by two old submarines, which were filled with explosives to blow up the viaduct connecting the mole to the shore. [29] Newbolt considered that the reduced traffic was caused by the recall of some U-boats to Germany in June, after reports that operations in the Dover Straits had become too dangerous. A message from Winston Churchill to the ex-servicemen was read to those assembled and the event was reported in The Deal, Walmer and Sandwich Mercury newspaper on 23 and 30 April 1964. Traductions en contexte de "Zeebrugge (Zeebruges" en français-anglais avec Reverso Context : Après 4 km, vous arrivez à Zeebrugge (Zeebruges). Le Raid sur Zeebruges (Zeebrugge Raid pour les anglophones) est le nom d'une opération secrètement préparée durant plusieurs mois, qui eut lieu le 23 avril 1918. More bombardments were planned but these were all postponed because essential conditions of tide and weather were not met. [40][41] In Dover there are two memorials, the Zeebrugge Bell with memorial plaque in the Town Hall, given to Dover by the King of the Belgians in 1918 and the Zeebrugge Memorial in St James's Cemetery, where a regular memorial service is held. THE IMMORTAL STORY OF ZEEBRUGGE [Main Title]. A reconstruction of the Dover Patrol's bottling up of a U-boat base. A group for the Remembrance of the Zeebrugge Raid on St.-George's Day 1918 On receiving the message, Seamen and Stokers were asked to volunteer. The aim was to block the Zeebrugge Canal, thereby denying U-boat access, although this meant assaulting a powerfully fortified German naval base. Traductions en contexte de "Zeebrugge" en italien-français avec Reverso Context : Ha preso parte al Raid di Zeebrugge nel 1918. Description: Long shot from a gun position, part of the Lübeck Battery on the mole, and pan right - three men stand in front of the gun, surveying the harbour. The covering force guarded the ships from a point 5 nmi (5.8 mi; 9.3 km) distant, having engaged two German destroyers as they tried to reach Zeebrugge, sinking S20. Films, vidéos (1) West-Vlaams Filmjournaal 99 & 151. The Zeebrugge Raid (Dutch: Aanval op de haven van Zeebrugge; French: Raid sur Zeebruges) on 23 April 1918, was an attempt by the Royal Navy to block the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.The British intended to sink obsolete ships in the canal entrance, to prevent German vessels from leaving port. A monitor, HMS Sir John Moore, was to land 1,000 troops on the mole, the monitor HMS General Craufurd was to bombard the lock gates and fortifications from short range; blockships were to enter the harbour in the confusion. Browse more videos. Zeebrugge Raid, (22–23 April 1918), naval engagement of World War I. The basin north of the locks had been hit and some damage caused to the docks but Zeebrugge remained open to German destroyers and U-boats. ; New to Wikipedia? Raid sur Zeebrugge [navire de guerre britannique endommagé rentré à Douvres, marin portant un débri métallique criblé de trous] (1918) Obsèques des victimes du raid de Zeebrugge [le 27 avril 1918 à Douvres] British Pathe film of the mass burial of British casualties of the Zeebrugge Raid, 1918, held in St James's Cemetery and the burial (24 coffins, nine identified, 15 unidentified) had a "Cross of Sacrifice" above it. GB, England & London, SW
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