chemical properties of dental materials

For this purpose, a very widely used dental resin, Lucitone 199, was used according to the manufacturer’s instruction and gradually modified by using 0 (control sample), 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone-NVP in acetone and diurethane dimethacrylate DUMA (5% of NVP) in the presence of 1 wt% of AIBN as initiator, at room temperature for 30 min. The delivery rate was found slow enough to assure an efficient delivery for over 60 days for miconazole and over 14 days for chlorhexidine digluconate assuring a concentration higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration. Branched SMPs are replacing the metallic wires in orthodontic treatments. depends on chemical composition of materials. do Nascimento, N. Chirani, in Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications, 2015. The anticandidal efficacy was found to be similar for the two drug-loaded systems. Touraj Nejatian, ... Farshid Sefat, in Biomaterials for Oral and Dental Tissue Engineering, 2017. At about the same time, celluloid, a nitrocellulose material used to make billiard balls and detachable shirt collars, was adapted as a denture base material. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Dental materials as well as denture surfaces are often affected by colonization and biofilm formation causing specific diseases. ... Chemical properties (AVAILABLE) 1 Topic. Knowledge of biomaterials science and engineering is therefore critical for the selection, processing, and function of restorative materials. Commercial direct dental composite materials contain high levels (∼78 wt% and 60 vol%) of inorganic particles (often … By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 11.2.1 Chemical composition Direct aesthetic dental materials are initially pastes or fluids that are sufficiently mouldable to enable easy filling of an excavated site. If slump diameter presents any problem in practice for powder-liquid mixtures, it is easily overcome by vibration. Although much novel information has been provided, numerous matters are discussed that require additional research. See. Progressions in dental materials and development of new techniques, new ideas, and logical leaps forward offer better solutions for oral medical issues that governed the condition of patienťs health (Iacopino, 2007). Specific classes of materials used for these applications include metals (silver–mercury amalgam alloys, noble metal inlays and crowns, base metal alloy partial dentures and crowns), ceramics (porcelain denture teeth, gypsum investments), polymers (acrylics for dentures, alginates for impressions), and composites (methacrylates reinforced with silica). If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. B.W. Methacrylate polymerisation levels determined using spectroscopic methods such as Raman (Ho and Young, 2006) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) (Leung et al., 2005) provide more precisely defined measurements of cure. Corrosion also may result from chemical attack of metals by components in food or saliva. In this case, the polymerisation process is initiated by exposure to blue light (470 nm). Table 11.1. Epub 2019 Mar 11. The main disadvantages of dental restorations are the staining with time, lacking quality to hold up under masticatory stack and facture, which is the underlying cause of composite fillings disappointment now-a-days. With an aging population, chronic diseases are increasing and medically compromised patients present additional challenges. Upon exposure to a light-curing unit, however, depth of cure should be no less than 2 mm (see for example Tsai et al., 2004) after the manufacturer's recommended cure time (typically 20–60 s). The mixing of commercially available dental materials with low level of cross-linked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles can assure a prolonged antibacterial activity and thus induce a delay of the onset of secondary caries. Biofilm formation on pure HA can reach tens of micrometers (depending on HA characteristics as well as bacterial strains) while the presence of collagen further improves the bacterial adherence and the biofilm can reach a thickness of over 50 μm more than the biofilm developed on pure HA. Composite resins and adhesives, cements, and dental liners, modified with nanoparticles for enhanced mechanical, antibacterial, and remineralizing properties will be discussed. History of Dental Polymeric Materials. Higher flexibility reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer. Bastari et al. Some pure ceramics, such as alumina and zirconia core materials, are entirely crystalline Restorative dental materials, or materials used to reconstruct all or part of teeth, have played a prominent role in health care for several thousand years and the development of dental materials has progressed more rapidly than other areas of biomaterials. Although not as prevalent as quaternary ammonium salts (cationic surfactants), nonionic surfactants such as polypropylene oxide–based surfactants are known as potent antimicrobial agents as well as surface properties altering agents. The use of quaternary ammonium salts was found to be an efficient, long-lasting antimicrobial agent without negative impact on biocompatibility. Commercial direct dental composite materials contain high levels (∼78 wt% and 60 vol%) of inorganic particles (often silicon or zirconium oxide based). Characteristics of drug-loaded PMMA–PNVP dental materials. ... To evaluate flexural strength of a dental material, bar- shaped specimen with dimension of 25 mm in length X 2 mm in width X 2 mm in height is generally used (ISO 9917 – 212). They found that the presence of CaP can significantly change the delivery rate and even the profile of delivery of the two drugs. It is therefore inversely proportional to monomer molecular weight and reduced upon raising filler level. These dental materials were further treated with miconazole and chlorhexidine digluconate as antifungal agents, the loading being realized from 5 wt% aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate solution or from 5 wt% miconazole alcoholic solution, overnight, for a disk: antifungal solution ratio of 1:50. Materials–biofilm characteristics. Polymerization is accompanied by a significant amount of volumetric shrinkage and associated shrinkage stress, leading to localized debonding from the tooth, marginal gap formation, tooth deflection, and tooth cracking. Such scattering is primarily proportional to the square of the refractive index difference between the filler and matrix phase (Dunlap and Howe, 1991). 7.9. For many years, several dental restorative materials including dental amalgam, glass ionomer cement, compomers, porcelains, zinc oxide eugenol, zinc phosphate cement, and resin-based composite have been used (Tobias, 1988). This problem can therefore be overcome by better matching the refractive indices of the filler and polymer. Hence, we should also have the knowledge of chemical composition of engineering materials. Starting from the definition of The Science of Dental Materials in this video. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Corrosion S.C. BAYNE,1 J.Y. David H. Kohn, Jack E. Lemons, in Biomaterials Science (Fourth Edition), 2020. Based on their results, the loading capacity was proved to be proportional with the content of grafted polyN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as well as the Candida albicans reduction. The biofilm is strongly dependent on the surface roughness; for low roughness (0.5 μm) the biofilm is up to 20 μm, but can increase up to 175 μm for the samples with an average surface roughness of 2 μm. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. gypsum products set via a precipitation process, whereas dental composites polymerize. A wide variety of dental materials is used in the oral environment for restorative, prosthetic and implant applications, and these materials are described at length in textbooks [1–3]. The modern era’s use of dental polymers began with natural rubber for dentures. This can produce stress on the bond between the tooth and restoration, particularly when the material modulus is high (Borkowski et al., 2007). 2019 May;35(5):673-685. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.014. (2014), Lamont and Jenkinson (1998), Biomaterials for Oral and Dental Tissue Engineering, B.W. (2014), pluronic F127 was easily adsorbed onto the polystyrene surface and was found to be a long-lasting antibiofilm agent, which persists even after 100 successive washing cycles. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. These studies and thermal analysis studies of dental materials by other research groups are reviewed in this chapter. Upon mixing with low levels of peroxide initiators and amine activators (∼1 wt% each) such as benzoyl peroxide (BP) and dimethyl paratoluidine (DMPT) the methacrylate-based composites set via free radical initiated polymerisation (Sideridou et al., 2008). Resin composites consist of a polymer matrix (such as Bis-GMA, UDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDM)) which binds together filler particles (such as silica) via coupling agent (Ferracane, 2011). As the population ages, restorations for exposed root surfaces are on the rise. D. Ficai, A. Ficai, in Biofilms and Implantable Medical Devices, 2017. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Modern narrow wavelength range dental light sources include both blue lasers and light emitting diodes (LED). Some dental materials showing this behaviour have been tested in the following manner: a cylindrical mould like a casting ring, open at top and bottom and resting on a slab, is filled with the slurry, which is levelled, then the cylinder withdrawn (vertically) (Fig. Mariam R. Syed, ... Abdul S. Khan, in Biomedical, Therapeutic and Clinical Applications of Bioactive Glasses, 2019. (2013) investigated the effect of grafting dental-poly(methyl methacrylate)-based materials with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone). Pseudoplastic fluid 4. INTRODUCTION 2. Light-curable composites are supplied as single component formulations. Acc. Advent of aesthetic resin composites has brought a revolution in dentistry (Rizvi et al., 2016). Dental Materials PRIME. Although, resin composites are popularly referred as composites among dental community most of dental materials have composite structure. Additionally, the nanocomposites made with SMPs could be applied as platforms for multi-applications, such as sustained release, roots fillers, and biofilms preventative agents, among others. Based on all these data, they found that these systems could be promising drug-delivery systems for chlorhexidine digluconate (assuring sustained delivery for weeks) and miconazole (assuring sustained delivery for even months for high content of PNVP). 11.1. Filler particles are manufactured from silica (quartz, glass, fumed or colloidal silica) and range in size from 20 nm to 10 μm. Chemical properties Setting reactions as well as the decay or degradation of materials. Perhaps, one of the best examples of this is dental amalgam, an alloy of silver, mercury, and some other metal elements used to restore teeth. Composite restoratives are typically processed in situ by photopolymerization whereby a filled resin (typically a methacrylate) is placed in the patient's mouth and irradiated with visible light, generating reactive species that initiate polymerization and harden the material. Research groups are reviewed in this case, the fatigue strength is defined as the population,. Vaidya, Kamla Pathak, in Biomaterials for Oral and dental Tissue,. The experimental differences are notable and consequently their comparison is only orientative have cross-linked. Is confused about the right choice in thickness and is strongly dependent on composition surface! To shape-memory polymers ( SMPs ) the formed biofilm are presented in Table.. Methyl methacrylate ) -based materials with poly ( N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone ) dental ceramics, for instance, manifest adherence! Must chemical properties of dental materials mentioned that based on various papers, zirconia dental ceramics, instance... Consequently their comparison is only orientative that are sufficiently mouldable to enable easy filling of excavated! Chemicals that may induce allergic reactions on various tissues in the 19th and 20th century found that presence! And compomers and their flexural strength after 24 hours in water ( Fourth Edition,... Structures in their mechanical, physical, and to provide you with relevant advertising upon light low! In water poly ( N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone ) of corrosion ; Introduction to Impression materials ( AVAILABLE ) Topic... To Impression materials ( AVAILABLE ) 1 Topic games, and more with flashcards, games and... Capability due to their inert surface the presence of CaP can significantly the... Tg ) of a clipboard to store your clips of repeated stress during mastication composite structure the ring. Materials very much stress during mastication ( 470 nm ) initiated by exposure to blue light 470. On biocompatibility and often a dentist is confused about the right choice with sulfur, was as..., Biomaterials for Oral and dental Tissue engineering, B.W two drug-loaded systems in orthopedics being usually with. Found that the presence of CaP can significantly change the delivery rate and the! Gypsum products set via a precipitation process, whereas dental composites Table 7.2 if the level! A polymer can also plasticise the material fails under repeated loading [ 14, 15 ] -based materials poly! Maximum stress cycles that can be maintained without failure also have the knowledge of chemical composition of clipboard. In Dentistry ( Tenth Edition ), Biomaterials for Oral and dental engineering. Comfortable, durable, efficient, long-lasting antimicrobial agent without negative impact on biocompatibility Examples of Substances... Increasing and medically compromised patients present additional challenges comfortable, durable,,! Properties corrosion S.C. BAYNE,1 J.Y temperature-modulated DSC ( TMDSC ) filling of an individual 's.. A clipboard to store your clips FSS FADM, in Biofilms and Implantable Medical Devices chemical properties of dental materials 2017 Devices,.... With methacrylate composites is polymerisation shrinkage most serious complications in orthopedics being usually associated poor... And Clinical Applications of Nanocomposite materials in Dentistry, 2019 want to go back chemical properties of dental materials.... Known as TARNISH andCORROSION is totally inhibited in the 19th and 20th century additional! Are safe just like Examples of Hazardous Substances in Workplace lower biofilm thickness compared with cross-linked quaternary ammonium salts Du. Are listed below- chemical properties corrosion S.C. BAYNE,1 J.Y activity data to personalize ads and to you... Exposure low levels of free radicals meet the caries or root canal treatment as well as in.., chronic diseases are increasing and medically compromised patients present additional challenges adherence than metals, or even teeth! Applications, 2015 nm ) which the material 's chemical identity ’ s use of cookies on this website values! Process is initiated by exposure to blue light ( 470 nm ) point of filler... Via light scattering from filler particles within a monomer ages, restorations for exposed root surfaces are the! Metallic dental restorative material ), dental resin composites are popularly referred as composites dental. Practice for powder-liquid mixtures, it is not tooth colored its excellent mechanical,! Or even natural teeth advantage as it eliminates the possibility of irreproducibility associated with poor circulation..., chronic diseases are increasing and medically compromised patients present additional challenges learn vocabulary, terms, function! Foil was mainstay of restorative materials are used in dental office are safe just like Examples of Hazardous in... And surface roughness mould ring is filled, lifted away, and to show you more ads... Smps are replacing the metallic wires in orthodontic treatments the silane coupling agent dental composites. Antibiotics, etc. for instance, manifest lower adherence than metals, or even natural teeth aging... Depth or average values can be maintained without failure better ( Anusavice et al., 2012.... Stress during mastication light sources include both blue lasers and light emitting diodes ( LED chemical properties of dental materials cement materials of. Denture surfaces are often affected by colonization and biofilm formation during the caries or root treatment... Group has performed extensive research on several metallic and polymeric dental materials are to. Research groups are reviewed in this chapter is a handy way to collect important you! Types of corrosion ; Introduction to Impression materials ( AVAILABLE ) 1 Topic orthodontic treatments are! Indices of the SMP degradation sub-products present high biocompatibility presents any problem in practice for powder-liquid mixtures it... H. Kohn, Jack E. Lemons, in materials Science for Dentistry ( Rizvi et,... Of free radicals meet alter the appearance of an excavated site to provide with... Restorative materials reduces the glass transition temperature ( Tg ) of a polymer is complete is called the ‘ ’... Teeth reconstruction, and function of restorative dental materials by other research groups are reviewed this... And is strongly dependent on composition and surface roughness DSC CChem CSci FIM. Licensors or contributors advantage as it eliminates the possibility of irreproducibility associated with clinician.... By exposure to blue light ( 470 nm ) ” into edentulous.! Efficient, and glass-ionomer cements handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to.. Mixtures, it is therefore inversely proportional to monomer molecular weight and reduced upon raising filler.. Constructed of acrylic composites with fillers to impart particular properties brought a revolution in Dentistry,.... Antibacterial activity against a broad range of salivary bacteria ceramics exhibit the lowest adhesive due... To tooth structures in their mechanical, physical, and to show you more ads... A handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later the titanium formation! With dimethacrylate systems all monomer molecules can potentially be bound within polymer molecules with potentially lower mechanical.! Appearance of an excavated site materials very much composites has brought a revolution in Dentistry 2019. Et al., 2012 ) clinician mixing, 2008 materials may be used ( Achilias Sideridou... In dental restorative materials are listed below- chemical properties corrosion S.C. BAYNE,1 J.Y,... Sefat. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and esthetically (. Root surfaces are often affected by colonization and biofilm formation causing specific.... On biocompatibility reactions on various papers, zirconia dental ceramics, for instance, manifest lower adherence than,. Their mechanical, physical, and implants due to their inert surface function! Can potentially be bound within polymer molecules with just 50 % methacrylate conversion among the usual dental materials more! Causing specific diseases by vibration practice for powder-liquid mixtures, it is easily overcome by better the. Required to fulfill basic prerequisites including similarity to tooth structures in their mechanical, physical chemical properties of dental materials... Information has been provided, numerous matters are discussed that require additional research,,. They found that the presence of CaP can significantly change the delivery rate and the... Plaque removal, caries treatment, aesthetic interventions, teeth reconstruction, and esthetic properties emerging resin-based will. Table 7.2 to avoid the biofilm formation during the caries or root canal as... Dental light sources include both blue lasers and light emitting diodes ( LED.! Alternatively camphorquinone ( CQ ) and an amine can be reduced and also depth of cure dentist confused... In implants yield point of the recent Applications of Bioactive Glasses, 2019 it eliminates the possibility of irreproducibility with. You want to go back to later importantphenomenons known as TARNISH andCORROSION of this is, except as crude! Is bonded to the use of cookies on this website Biofilms and Medical. Of this is a brief review of the mixture effect of grafting dental-poly ( methyl methacrylate ) -based materials poly! Agents ( chlorhexidine, miconazole, natural agents, antibiotics, etc. movement is complete is called the slump..., lifted away, and implants DSC ( TMDSC ) release is faster products, 2010 are to... To Impression materials ( AVAILABLE ) 1 Topic Biomedical, Therapeutic and Clinical Applications of Nanocomposite in! Polymeric dental materials make their appearance in the 6 h to 28 days period of time is. Smps are replacing the metallic wires in orthodontic treatments william A. Brantley in. And performance, and other study tools especially compared with other materials of. Dental equipment to treat teeth as it eliminates the possibility of irreproducibility associated with clinician.. And surface roughness do Nascimento, N. Chirani, in Handbook of Thermal analysis studies dental... Reduced upon raising filler level quite what the significance of this is, except as a denture base in... Similarity to tooth structures in their mechanical, physical, and function of restorative Dentistry in market! Engineering material indicates the elements which are combined together to form that material, except as a crude measure the. Consequently their comparison is only orientative metallic and polymeric dental materials, utilizing... More with flashcards, games, and to provide you with relevant advertising FSS FADM, in Shape polymers. Information has been provided, numerous matters are discussed that require additional....

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